Position Statement

Support of Sports and Recreational Programs for Physically Disabled People

This Position Statement was developed as an educational tool based on the opinion of the authors. It is not a product of a systematic review. Readers are encouraged to consider the information presented and reach their own conclusions.

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) strongly supports the expressed interests of people with physical disabilities of all ages who want to participate in sports and recreational programs.

Participation in such activities can be fulfilling, increase physical fitness, and enhance personal image. Having the ability to set and achieve goals and the capability to deal with success and failure in the competitive arena are important accomplishments.

The AAOS believes there should be continued attempts to organize efforts among existing sports and recreational groups to foster communication and improve programs.

Sports and recreational programs for people with physical disabilities, as they exist today, have developed largely through the efforts of a multitude of organizations and individuals, both lay and professional. The full potential of these efforts has not yet been fully realized because no central organizing body exists.

Recreational programs have originated in the home, school, community, and camp. Sports competitions for people with physical disabilities exist at the local, state, national, and international levels within separate organizations whose activities may focus on a specific kind of disability. There is presently no central organizing body that coordinates these efforts.

The AAOS urges further coordination of efforts to increase the availability of sports and recreation programs for people with physical disabilities. The AAOS suggests there is a need for public education on the subject.

There are almost 9 million injuries annually that require medical attention, and more than 300,000 of those injuries caused either permanent partial or permanent total disability. In addition, there is a significant number of people with either congenital or non-traumatic acquired disability. Spurred by the pioneer efforts of the original wheelchair athletes, these millions of people have developed a deep interest in recreational and competitive sports activities. When they decide to participate however, they often face additional handicaps. Special education and physical education teachers, counselors, administrators, some physicians and the general public often are unaware of available resources and the potential of people with physical disabilities.

Sports and recreation activities for people with physical disabilities are beneficial provided the necessary precautions are taken. However, some people with physical disabilities do have special considerations, including insensitive skin, joint deformities, and difficulties in balance and coordination, and temperature regulation. Most sports and recreational activities can be adapted for them. Physicians involved with disabled athletes have a role to play in assessing the medical needs limitations. Medical precautions should be appropriate without needless restrictions.

The AAOS recognizes a need for ongoing research among groups involved in athletic programs for people with physical disabilities.

The AAOS is committed to the further advancement of sports and recreational activities for people with physical disabilities. The AAOS recognizes the need for continued research to enhance the ability of people with disabilities to participate in both competitive and recreational sports.

© December 1985, Revised December 1992 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

This material may not be modified without the express written permission of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons^®.

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