OKOJ, Volume 13, No. 8

Hand and orthopaedic surgeons often encounter benign masses in the hand. These may consist of cystic soft-tissue tumors such as ganglion cysts and epidermoid inclusion cysts; solid soft-tissue tumors such as giant cell tumors of tendon sheath and lipomas; nerve tumors such as schwannomas or neurofibromas; vascular tumors such as glomus tumors and hemangiomas; and bone tumors such as enchondromas, osteochondromas, and giant cell tumors of bone. The objective of this article is to familiarize the reader with the clinical and diagnostic imaging features, and treatment of the most common benign tumors of the hand.

Thoracolumbar spine injuries are uncommon in pediatric patients. Distinctive anatomic and biomechanical features of the pediatric spine increase its susceptibility to unique patterns of injury. Motor vehicle accidents account for most thoracolumbar injuries, and because these injuries are commonly associated with other systemic injuries, a multidisciplinary approach to their treatment is often necessary. Although clinical examination can alert the physician to a thoracolumbar injury, it can be unreliable in younger patients, requiring a greater reliance on advanced imaging methods for both screening and diagnosis. Considering their significant ability to heal, most pediatric thoracolumbar injuries can be managed nonsurgically. Overall, with the exception of injuries causing significant neurologic deficits, good outcomes can generally be expected with treatment.

Although the robust muscular and capsular envelopes of the hip joint and its proximity to several neurovascular structures make arthroscopy of the hip a challenging procedure, the less invasive nature of arthroscopy than of open procedures, as well as growing indications for it and newer techniques and instrumentation, are increasing its routine use. This article and its accompanying video are meant to serve as a guide to the basic surgical anatomy and techniques used for hip arthroscopy, as well as the specific indications and complications associated with its use in the treatment of hip disorders.